(1) Dry cargo container, also known as general cargo container, is used to transport general cargo without temperature control. It is widely used. According to statistics in 1983, among the 3 million containers in the world, dry cargo containers account for 85%, about 2.54 million. These containers are usually closed, with doors at one end or side. This kind of container is usually used to transport cultural goods, chemical goods, electronic machinery, handicrafts, medicine, daily necessities, textiles and instrument parts. This is the most commonly used container. All kinds of solid bulk, granular or powdery goods that are not affected by temperature changes can be transported by this container.
(2) Keep constant temperature containers are used to transport goods that need to be refrigerated or insulated. All container walls are insulated with materials with low thermal conductivity. Containers can be divided into the following three types:
① Reefer container is a thermal insulation container which mainly transports frozen food and can maintain the set temperature. It is specially designed for transporting food such as fish, meat, fresh fruits and vegetables. At present, there are basically two kinds of refrigerated containers used internationally: one is the mechanical refrigerated container with refrigerator in the container; In the other case, there is no refrigerator but only thermal insulation structure, that is, air inlet and air outlet are set on the end wall of the container. The box is installed in the cabin and cold air is supplied by the ship’s refrigeration device. This kind of container is called clutch refrigerated container (also known as external or clamp refrigerated container).
② Thermal insulation container is a container with sufficient thermal insulation structure to carry fruits, vegetables and other goods, prevent excessive temperature rise, and maintain the freshness of goods. It is usually used for ice as refrigerant, and the holding time is about 72 hours.
③ Ventilated container is a container with ventilation holes on the end wall and side wall for transporting fruits, vegetables and other goods that do not need to be frozen. If the vent is closed, it can also be used as a grocery container.
(3) Tank container is a special container for transporting liquid goods such as alcohol, oil (such as animal and vegetable oil), liquid food and chemicals. It can also carry dangerous goods of other liquids. The container can be divided into single tank and multi tank. The four corners of the tank body are composed of pillars and bracing rods to form an integral frame. Due to the high side wall strength, it is generally used to load bulk cargoes with high relative density such as malt and chemicals, while the latter is used to load grains with low relative density. The loading port on the top of the bulk container shall be provided with a cover with good water tightness to prevent rain water from invading the container.
(4) Platform based container is a container without top and side walls, even end walls, but only bottom plates and four corner columns. The container can be loaded and unloaded from the front, back, left, right and top, and is suitable for loading long and heavy cargo, such as heavy machinery, steel, steel pipe, wood, steel ingot, etc. Rack type containers are not watertight. Goods that are afraid of moisture cannot be shipped, or they can be covered with canvas.
(5) Platform container is a special structure container which is simplified on the platform container and only retains the bottom plate. Length and width of the platform. The bottom size of the container is the same as that of the international standard container, and the same fasteners and lifting devices as other containers can be used. The adoption of this container breaks the concept that the container must have a certain volume in the past.
(6) Open top container is a kind of container without rigid top, but with a roof made of canvas, plastic cloth or plastic-coated cloth supported by foldable or foldable top beam. Other components are similar to general containers. The container is suitable for loading large goods and heavy goods, such as steel and wood, especially fragile heavy goods such as glass plate. It is not easy to be damaged by lifting from the top into the box with a crane, and it is also easy to be fixed in the box.
(7) Car container is a special container for transporting small cars. It is characterized by installing a steel frame on the simple bottom of the box, usually without box wall (including end wall and side wall). This kind of container is divided into single-layer and double-layer. Because the height of the car is 1.35-1.45 meters, if it is installed in an 8-foot (2; 438-meter) standard container, its volume will waste more than 2 / 5. As a result, double deck containers have emerged. This double deck container has two heights: one is 10.5 feet (3.2 meters) and the other is twice the height of 8.5 feet. Therefore, automobile containers are generally not international standard containers.
(8) Pen container or live stock container is a container used to transport live poultry such as chickens, ducks and geese and live domestic animals such as cattle, horses, sheep and pigs. In order to cover the sun, the top of the box is covered with plywood, and windows made of aluminum mesh are used on the side and end face, so as to have good ventilation. A cleaning port and a drainage port are set under the side wall, and a sliding door moving up and down is equipped to clean out the garbage. There is also a feeding port. Generally, animal containers on board should be installed on the deck, because the air on the deck is ventilated and easy to clean and take care of.
(9) Garment container is characterized in that many cross bars are installed on the upper side beam of the container, and several belt buckles, nylon belt buckles or ropes are hung on each cross bar. The ready-made clothes are directly hung on the belt buckles or ropes by using the hook on the clothes hanger. This kind of clothing loading method belongs to unpackaged transportation. It not only saves packaging materials and packaging costs, but also reduces manual labor and improves the transportation quality of clothing
